Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin - 1483 Words

Frederick Douglass and Benjamin Franklin American success history recognizes the contributions made by two of its renowned leaders. The two are regarded as heroes despite the obvious differences between them abound. The two figures are regarded with comparable amounts of reverence even though they lived their lives in different ways. Nevertheless, both Benjamin Franklin and Fredrick Douglas gained their status through treading pathway of hard work. This paper, therefore, seeks to discuss the experiences that shaped the lives of both Franklin and Douglas. It also seeks to analyze the life of Fredrick Douglas as presented by John Stauffer. In comparing the two personalities, I will lay much emphasis on the role education played in making†¦show more content†¦He was in early 1817 on one of the plantations of Maryland. The identity of Douglas’s father and exact date of birth is not well known, but it is assumed to be a white man from a family who owned his mother. Harriet Bailey originally named his son Fredrick Bailey but, unfortunately, he parted with his mother while still young and was raised by other slaves in the plantation (Douglas 67). Fredrick Douglas went to the North and was married to Anna Murray, a black woman who married him in New York City. They then fled to New Bedford where Douglas found work as a laborer. In around 1841, Douglas had an opportunity of attending the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery society which was held in Nantucket. It was during this time that he got on stage and delivered a speech which moved the crowd. He delivered his life as a slave with passion such that he was encouraged to dedicate himself in speaking against slavery (Douglas 45). This marked the beginning of his activism in northern states. For instance, in 1843, he was nearly killed while giving out a speech in Indiana. During the 1850s, Douglas was in the fore front in abolishing slavery, which was threatening, to tear the country apart. In the beginning, Douglas felt that John Brown’s anti- slavery ideas and plans were suicidal and he refused to engage in a raid on Harper Ferry. Brown’s activities saw him captured and hanged, an act whichShow MoreRelatedBenjamin Franklin And Frederick Douglass1133 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no doubt that Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass are two of the most inspiring men in history. They are both described as inspirations and epitomes of the true American Dream. These men represent self-reliance, independence, and share a desire for liberty. Though there work ethics and values may be viewed as similar, they both came from very different backgrounds. Franklin grew up in a big middle-class family. His parents were loving, however he was the fifteenth child out of seventeenRead MoreEssay about The Virtrues of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick D ouglass543 Words   |  3 PagesThe Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin seem to prove to everyone how articulate, intelligent and sophisticated this man was. He wrote about the trials he underwent to become the writer he is known as today. He even was so intelligent he sought out to publish in his autobiography what virtues would have you â€Å"arriving at the door of moral perfection† (90). He wanted to show everyone that becoming perfect wasnt as arduous as everyone had thought. Benjamin Franklin was true Renaissance Man born at aRead More Comparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass Essay example1057 Words   |  5 PagesComparison Of Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass America, a land with shimmering soil where golden dust flew and a days rain of money could last you through eternity. Come, You Will make it in America. That was the common theme of those who would remove to America. It is the common hymn, the classic American rags-to-riches myth, and writers such as Benjamin Franklin and Frederick Douglass had successfully embraced it in their works.Franklin and Douglass are two writers who have quiteRead MoreFrederick Douglas and Benjamin Franklin: Two Great Men874 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass vs. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin had an easier route to success than Frederick Douglass in my opinion. Franklin was provided with a school and came from a nice family while Douglass on the other hand had to deal with slavery and other issues. The goals or the things that Benjamin Franklin did were for the whole world or the economy but the majority of the things that Douglass did deal with black people, slavery, and black rights. Those two came from totally different environmentsRead MoreThe Poem America By William Cullen1423 Words   |  6 Pagesnation in the years to come. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Doubleday, 1973. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas is Frederick Douglass’ autobiography that demonstrates an insightful American journey of experiences from slavehood to freedom. Douglass’ journey is not only a literal one, but a figurative battle accomplished by both mentally and physically freeing himself from slavery. In the beginning of the book, Frederick Douglass starts out by being trappedRead MoreWhat Makes A Great Leader?2212 Words   |  9 PagesMany people are responsible for providing Americans with the freedoms we have today. Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton were great world leaders due to their contributions to society, government, and public relations. In general, these men have contributed to our country in many ways; for example, they drafted the United States Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published the Federalist Papers. Thomas Jefferson wrote the first draft of the DeclarationRead MoreAbolitionist Move ment Essay814 Words   |  4 Pageswere Theodore Weld, Arthur Tappan, and Lewis Tappan. Promoting the Abolition of Slavery (PAS) was created in February 1784 as the Pennsylvania society fighting against slavery. It included several people such as: shopkeepers, artisans, Benjamin Franklin, and Benjamin Rush. This organization fought with abolitionist to have slavery banned. PAS influenced other organization be established in other cities. In the 1830s, colonization was a faction that became an adoration to send African-Americans to AfricaRead MoreThe Meaning Of July Fourth For The Negro By Fredrick Douglass Analysis780 Words   |  4 PagesRochester, New York on July 5th, 1852 by Fredrick Douglass; a former African American slave. In the speech, he discusses the true meaning of the widely celebrated holiday known as The 4th of July and what it really means a Negro. Who was Fredrick Douglass? Fredrick Douglass was born into slavery in Talbot County, Maryland in the year of 1818. In 1838 he managed a successful escape with the help of some friends he had. Fredrick Douglass went on to get married twice in his lifespanRead MoreRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511020 Words   |  5 Pagesfascination of books and develop a curiosity and desire to read. Frederick Douglass is an example of that same desire. Before learning to read, Frederick believed that black people were destined to be the white man’s slaves. It was normal for slaves to do back-breaking work and get whipped for doing anything wrong. It wasn’t until Douglass learned to read that the life of a slave was actually wrong and he wished to live a free life. â€Å"Suddenly, Douglass sees this whole education thing in a new light: if he canRead MoreWilliam Lloyd Garrison Was A Brave Journalist1585 Words   |  7 Pagesalso increased in his reading from, â€Å"Shakespeare and the Waverly novels.† Also, garrison took an interest in the management of newspapers and the federalist politicians of Newburyport. Garrison also joined a debating society which was known as the Franklin club where he met Isaac Knapp, who will become his future partner in the Liberator. Moreover, at eighteen years old, garrison published his first paper which discussed warnings against â€Å"Hymen’s silken chains.† Furthermore, Garrison was becoming

The Novel, 1984, By George Orwell - 923 Words

George Orwell, known for his dystopian novels, wrote his most famous book, 1984, in the 1940s. Almost 60 years later in 1999 the Wachowski brothers wrote and directed one of the greatest film trilogies of all time, The Matrix. Both the novel and the movies depicted post apocalyptic dystopian worlds under some form of an oppressive government. Oppression, control, and sexuality are some of the prominent themes throughout the storylines. While some may argue that the novel 1984 did not inspire the Wachowski brothers, many clear similarities, but also differences, lie within the script of the trilogy. 1984 is thought to be one of the greatest dystopian works in the 20th century. Orwell wrote the novel with allusions to both Nazi Germany and communist Russia. He told his vision of the future of the planet. The main character Winston Smith is a government worker in a dystopian society. The government controls almost all aspects of life; from their jobs to entertainment, leisure, and most importantly every citizen is constantly monitored. People do not rebel because the government controls the past. They change history in their favor to maintain complete and utter power and control. Because no memory of anything prior exists, the citizens have no knowledge of their oppression. They continue to live life under complete control and are brainwashed from birth to turn in traitors. The Matrix trilogy, a popular film series, contains several similar themes in a somewhatShow MoreRelatedThe Novel 1984 By George Orwell1332 Words   |  6 PagesOF INHUMANITY. WHAT CORE ELEMENTS OF HUMANITY THAT NOVEL EXPLORES? George Orwell’s novel ‘1984’ shows the crucial need for love, independence, hope and freedom in the midst of inhumanity. Bob Dylan once said â€Å"No one is free, even the birds are chained to the sky (Dylan, n.d)†. In ‘1984’ Winston attempts to remain human whilst everyone he knows is doing otherwise. That is until he meets Julia, a young woman who surfaces desire and hope in him. Orwell shows the core elements of humanity such as independenceRead MoreThe Novel 1984 By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell exemplifies the issues of a government with overwhelming control of the people. This government controls the reality of all of their citizens by rewriting the past, instilling fear, and through manipulation. This is an astounding story because of the realistic qualities that are present throughout the text about an extreme regulatory government and its effects. This society is overwhelming con sumed with the constructed reality that was taught to them by Big BrotherRead MoreThe Novel 1984 By George Orwell1013 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel 1984 by George Orwell exemplifies the issues of a government with overwhelming control of the people. 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We will divulge into: Orwe ll’s background; Winston Smith, the novel’s protagonist, and the origin of his name; the structural conventions in the novel; Orwell’s use of important characters that’s never-seen; the story’s turning points, the mentorRead MoreOrwell s Novel, 1984, By George Orwell1235 Words   |  5 Pagesduring their time. During the peak of George Orwell’s career was when Communism was at an all-time high. Hence, he was warning the world of what terrors came with the control of a totalitarian country. In George Orwell’s novel 1984, the main character Winston fights to protect his life and preserve the real meaning of being human by rebelling against the government, all while Orwell warns the reader of what a totalitarian government can do to humanity. Orwell significantly gets his point across andRead MoreThe Novel 1984 by George Orwell Essay944 Words   |  4 Pages 1984, Orwell’s last and perhaps greatest work, deals with drastically heavy themes that still terrify his audience after 65 years. George Orwell’s story exemplifies excessive power, repression, surveillance, and manipulation in his strange, troubling dystopia full of alarming secrets that point the finger at totalitarian governments and mankind as a whole. What is even more disquieting is that 1984, previously considered science fiction, has in so many ways become a recognizable reality. OrwellRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell1782 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel 1984, by George Orwell, the government of Oceania is able to have supreme control over its population. The citizens of Oceania live in angst of the â€Å"Big Brother.† This instills a great amount of fear in the citizens who believe they must fulfill the government s expectations. The government not only invaded the person privacy of the Oceanic citizens, but they took away their basic human rights. By stiripping its citizens of their rights, like freedom of speech, The Party is able toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell951 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, 1984, composed by George Orwell, presents a frightening picture, where one government has complete control of the general population. The story takes place in London, England. The government that is made in the novel is controlled by Big Brother. In 1984, the protagonist, Winston, really despises the total itarian government, that tries to control all aspects of his life. So many freedoms that we all need to live a happy and healthy life are being stripped away from the citizens of OceaniaRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel â€Å"1984† by George Orwell explores the meaning of humanity and the tactics that a totalitarian government may use to strip humanity from the people in order to maintain power. The main character Winston strives to preserve his humanity throughout the novel in his ability to think freely. The government tries to control its constituent’s thoughts, through tactics of propaganda, regulation, telescreen monitors, the thought police, and five ministries. These tactics are to control the constituentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell1602 Words   |  7 Pagesupside-down society that is Nazi-Germany? While no other time period comes close, the novel we have been reading in class de als vigorously with dystopian society. 1984, by George Orwell, is a dystopian, fiction-based book that features a main character named Winston Smith, a girl named Julia, and many others who come together to make for a very intense storyline and an intriguing read. It takes place in Oceania, in 1984, while it was written in 1948. With a sense of science fiction, it’s set in near-future

Developing Reading Skills free essay sample

Where do I start? How do I begin? I’m lost into my mind with thoughts and words. After all the writing we have done I feel like I’ve ran out of words to say. What will be my next step? How will I approach it? As I’m writing this I’m thinking â€Å"Wow, the first semester is really about to end, almost half the year is gone. † If I were to ask you, what is your favorite thing to do in English what would you say? Well if you ask me, my answer would be writing because I can express my feelings and opinions freely. Words are scrambled on my paper as if you were playing a board game. â€Å"POW! , POW! The sound of the black belt swinging back and forth. She couldn’t take it anymore. The beatings got intense. The purpose of this line is to show how powerful the action started and also how the black belt was strong enough that she felt like she had the urge to do something about it. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing Reading Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In writing the purpose of it is to reflect on what I have learned throughout the whole first semester. As the first semester is ending I would like to say this half of the year has been stressful but it paid off towards the end. All of this work helps me prepare for the SATS and also to prepare for college During the first semester we have read many short stories. I learned many techniques to become a strong reader. Strategies such as annotating the text, circling words you don’t understand , looking for literary elements that includes imagery, point of view, context clues, characterization and theme. If you’re reading a Persuasive essay that’s different because being persuasive means to be convincing reason or speech that sways someones opinion. In a persuasive essay you look for a claim (argument), plea for change, and evidence such as statistics. This helps me become a better reader and understanding the text more often.

Research Ethics

Abstract This paper is bout business research ethics. Generally, when undertaking a business research, the researcher needs to understand that the exercise involves dealing with many other societal issues that can directly affect the final outcome of the research.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper explores in detail various aspects of research ethics in business. Even though personal values are an important consideration in ethical decision making, they are regarded by some scholars as just one of the components that guide the decisions, actions, and policies of organizations (Carrigan, 2005). It has been noted that the burden of ethical behavior relates to an organization’s values and traditions, not just to the individuals who make the decisions and execute them. Various business research ethical issues and how they affect the world of bu siness research are discussed. In some cases, suggestions are made on how to ensure that researchers emerge victorious despite the challenging social environment that they have to operate in. Introduction Ethics, be it in management practice, or in research, requires very strong leadership. To a large degree, ethical behavior within an organization is controlled by existing values and the culture. However, it is important to note that values and culture in an organization are just some of the components that affect the decision making process. Other components are existing competition and the operating environment, whether political or technological. As noted by John Maxwell, the level of a person’s effectiveness is, to a large extent, determined by his or her ability to lead others (Maxwell, 2007). This is an important characteristic in research and researchers must work hard to improve their leadership qualities in order to achieve a high level of effectiveness. A researche r with strong leadership skills exhibits a high level of influence and this leads to a greater impact.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ability to prioritize issues is a critical quality of any leader, manager, or researcher. According to Maxwell’s law of priorities, the fact that a researcher may be busy carrying on with his or her research does not necessarily imply that he or she is realizing the original objectives of the research. It is, therefore, extremely essential for the researcher to assess the weight of every research issue in order to determine how best to approach the whole research process without causing harm to any one (Maxwell, 2007). The Nature of Business and Management Research A misconception within the business world is that research, regardless of what it is about, is simply an academic activity meant to help the research receive hi s or her academic qualification. This, however, is not true. These circles also believe that researchers are not familiar with the managerial environment and the type of issues faced by managers in the business world (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2009). This situation is further exacerbated by the fact that most managers do not know how to use research findings and as such, they can not utilize the results and conclusions of research. However, there are similarities that cut across research for academic qualification and that for solving business related problems. The nature of the research is what will guide the planning process. Typically, business research plays two critical roles for businesses. First, it is part of the business intelligence feedback process. It, therefore, provides decision makers with data on the effectiveness of the current business strategies and provides insights for essential changes. These may be strategies for marketing, production, quality assurance, an d distribution (Carrigan, 2005). Secondly, business research is the principal instrument for exploring and pinpointing new opportunities in the market place such as identifying potential customers, forecasting the number of customers, and learning as much as possible their life styles, ages, genders, incomes, and professions. Research contributes to management activities through three distinct functional roles. Firstly, research has a descriptive function, which deals with the collection and presentation of data. Secondly, research has a diagnostic function which is about trying to explain the data with a view to finding specific solutions to particular business issues.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Research Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, determining the impact on sales when the sales strategy changes. Thirdly, research has a predictive function. In a continuously changing global business environment, the concern is how businesses can forecast future developments in order to take advantage of opportunities as they arise (Ferrell et al., 2009). Among other things, research facilitates effective management. In the business world, undertaking a research is a way clearing any doubts about the business operations. Based on research findings, an organization’s decision making process may be greatly enhanced and any decision arrived at will be backed by existing facts rather than assumptions. Ethical Issues in Business Research Generally, ethics is about how people relate with one another based on what is morally acceptable. It is different from law in that while under law, there is always punishment for wrong doing, this is not the case where issues are dealt with ethically. To a large extent, having a code of ethics in place is meant to protect all parties involved in a research project (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). Despite the fact that ethical consideration s are philosophical in nature, there is no common agreement among philosophers regarding such beliefs. However, there is a common trend among different societies seeking to determine their own norms in order to control how individuals behave towards one another. Generally, these norms are about suggesting what a member of a group should do under certain conditions (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). According to Bryman, Bell and Bryman (2007), the subject of ethics in business research spins around a number of issues that occur quite frequently in the process of carrying out a research project. First, there is need to determine whether any harm was caused to participants. Secondly, it is important to find out whether participants consented to working closely with the researcher in whichever way. Another critical thing for the researcher to concern himself or herself with is privacy. Intruding a participants’ private space is another thing that is ethically not acceptable by researchers . Finally, it is vital to check if there is any form of deception.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These four principles, nevertheless, overlap somewhat (Ferrell et al., 2009). As an example, one can not easily figure out how the concept of informed consent can be embedded into a research activity where a researcher conceals so much information from the participants in order to fool them into taking part in the research. Human Rights and Onuses of Parties There are three groups of people in any research process. These include the researcher, the user of the research results, and the respondent. Ordinarily, a number of ethical issues arise when members of these distinct groups interact with one another. Rights and Obligations of the Researcher Ordinarily, any business research should concern itself with providing scientific proof for any business phenomena being examined. The rights and obligations of the researcher include the following: Harm to Participants Any research that will eventually harm participants is dangerous and must be rejected by all means. According to Bryman et al. (2007), harm may happen in a number of ways. In some cases, the participants may suffer physical harm while in some the harm caused may ruin a respondent’s reputation or his or her self esteem. It is also possible that harm may affect one’s career development, ruining his or her opportunities to work in other places. Sadly, this may be accompanied with disgraceful acts. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to identify cases where harm may be caused to participants. However, a researcher must take all necessary precautions to ensure that the research being undertaken will not cause harm to the participants (Carrigan, 2005). Fairness The aim of the researcher should be to maintain high moral standards by ensuring that research data is objective and factual. Furthermore, it is completely unethical for a researcher to take a stand because of a desire to see the research turn out in a certain way. Distortion of Research Findings Ensuring that a research is carried out i n an honest manner is the responsibility of all parties involved in the research. Obviously, it is wrong for any one to interfere with the results of a research whether for personal or other reasons. In addition, it is ethically wrong for any researcher to blow up the outcome of a research by altering results. In other words, it is up to the research professional to ensure that clients as well as participants get results that are genuine and reliable. For example, a researcher must do everything within his or her powers to get questionnaires filled by participants rather than collecting only a few responses and completing the rest. The researcher should also be willing to explain any unexpected events that may have happened in the process of conducting the research. There is no doubt that the concealment of errors and variations from specific required procedures will lead to a misinterpretation of the results. Confidentiality Where it is the wish of participants to remain unidentifi ed, the researcher must do everything within his or her powers to make sure that this agreement is not broken. Vital information such as name and address of the respondent must be kept a secret and should never be made available to any one without the express authority of the respondent. Any private information gathered from a participant must never be left in the hands of any other person. Researchers must also ensure that the results of the result are true and not compromised to present a falsified outcome. This is part of what the user of the research results is entitled to and this right must never be interfered with. It is, therefore, in order for users of the research results to find out if issues of confidentiality were fully addressed by the researcher (Ferrell et al., 2009). Where a researcher fails to carefully address the participants’ concern of confidentiality, participants eventually develop a negative attitude about taking part in any research. Clearly, this wi ll poses a serious problem for any future research to be undertaken. The researcher’s reputation goes down and unfortunately, this behavior ends up affecting other innocent researchers (Bryman et al., 2007). Disclosure of Defective Information and/or Erroneous Conclusions Despite the fact that this does not amount to ethical dilemma, it is, nevertheless, a requirement that the researcher undertakes the research based on acceptable scientific standards. The problem arises when the final outcome of the research is not well aligned with the research data collected. The researcher must also not use his or her understanding of research methods and techniques to manipulate the results of the research or, to deliberately blind his or her audience (Herbst Coldwell, 2004). Stealing Ideas from other Research Proposals This may happen where a researcher submits his or her research proposal but this is later maliciously used by a client for other reasons and without the knowledge of the research professional. The end result of this is that someone else becomes the beneficiary and illegally uses the proposal to accomplish his or her agenda. Lack of Informed Consent Before a research can proceed, it is vital for the researcher to fully address the concern resulting from lack of informed consent. The bulk of the discussion tends to focus on what is commonly called disguised or covert observation. Under covert observation, a researcher secretly observes participants secretly (Bryman et al., 2007). In spite of the fact that covert research is unethical, it is also advantageous and may be used in some cases to evade serious problems. It is highly likely that participants in a research may fake their actions when being observed. Fear among respondents may also cause them to avoid researchers. Clearly, covert methods are not acceptable given that they violate the confidentiality of participants. This certainly goes against the desire to protect the privacy of research par ticipants (Bryman et al., 2007). Rights and Obligations of the User Similar to the researcher, the user of the research results takes responsibility for certain aspects of the research. Among the rights and obligations of the user are the following: Ethics between Buyer and Seller In some cases, a firm may act unfairly by buying a business research proposal and then proceeding to ask for competitive bidding from eligible firms in order to make the public believe that the selection process was duly followed. Unsuspecting bidders fall into this trap and innocently submit their bids. Asking for research proposals that will not be used like in this situation is totally against research ethics and must be condemned with the strongest terms possible. Relationship with Research Companies Considering that each research is a completely different task, research companies must take time to understand the requirements of the research at hand. Among other things, this is meant to ensure that pro per results are realized from every single research project. Certainly, each research will have its own unique problem statement, objectives, and research questions among others. An Open Relationship with Interested Parties All interested parties are expected to make use of the research outcomes in the correct way. It is wrong for any user to interpret the results in a manner that presents falsified results. Drawing conclusions that are not in line with what the research is expected to achieve is unethical and must not be encourage. Usually, this is done for selfish interests or for political reasons. Rights and Obligations of the Respondents Much like the other parties, respondents in a research also have a right to know what the research is all about. Reasons for carrying out the research must be made very clear to the respondents and nothing should be concealed. In addition, participants have a right to know how the issue of confidentiality and privacy will be handled during the research. The Obligation to be Honest Given that respondents play a big role in any research, it is essential for the researcher to encourage honesty. Both the researcher and the respondents must be honest with each other. While the researcher must ensure that nothing but the truth is exposed to the respondents, the respondents equally have a responsibility to remain honest and respond truthfully. Privacy Privacy is a major concern especially for respondents. While some respondents decide on remaining anonymous, others will choose to disclose personal details such as names and addresses among others. Very important is the fact that the researcher must make a covenant with the respondents not to disclose any confidential details to third parties. Any confidential information must be stored securely and only accessed by authorized personnel. Among other things, this principle is meant to encourage participants to freely participate in the research and cooperate fully. Where respondent s feel cheated and disrespected their level of participation will definitely be affected and the researcher may end up on the losing end. Concealment Researchers must be aware of the fact that hiding the truth from respondents in quite unethical. Concealing the truth is a clear indicator of the fact that the researcher is not being honest. It is common for researchers to hide the truth when the type of research being done is a sensitive one that could be scary for the respondent. Some people have, however, defended this behavior claiming that no harm is caused by concealing information from the participants. Regardless of the reason for the concealment, the practice is unethical and must not be encouraged for whatever reason. Closely related to this is the respondent’s right to be informed of everything about the research. Opponents of this notion always wonder whether a small deception leads to any substantial increment to the value of the research. According to (Herbst Col dwell, 2004), however, some degree of concealment is necessary in some research. An example is where undertaking a research carries some risk and the researcher has no option but to conduct the research covertly. According to Bryman et al. (2007), deception is used by some researchers to try and model the desired results. Apparently, deception may be allowed in some cases so as to ensure that the originality of the data is not lost. For those opposed to the idea of deception in research, there are two things to bear in mind. First and foremost, it is completely wrong to encourage deception in research. Despite the fact that scholars are fully aware of the existence of deception in research, the practice is totally unethical and the problem must be seriously dealt with in order to guarantee the usefulness of a research. Secondly, vested interest in research by professional researchers is also a major concern. The idea of researchers behaving like spies can really work against them an d make participants treat them with so much suspicion. Obviously, this will work against future research undertakings (Bryman et al., 2007). It is, however, important to note that when discussion this aspect of ethics, the biggest challenge has to do with the fact that deception is so rampant in business related research. In most instances, researchers will rarely provide research participants with the complete details about a research. To some scholars, researchers have to condone with this practice and seemingly, there is no way they can avoid it. To such researchers, therefore, the practice of deception is justifiable. Unfortunately, it is extremely difficult to know when to act covertly and when not to. Considering the negative impact of deception on research, it is critical for researchers to do every thing possible to minimize or even get rid of deception in research. No researcher should seek to glorify himself at the expense of fellow human beings. However, where a research may not succeed without deception, the onus is on the researcher to explain everything clearly to the respondents. Researchers and their assistants must understand that it all depends on them to use inquiry methods that appreciate and respect the social side of business research. Anything else done contrary to this is in bad light and must not be encouraged. Other Ethical Considerations Besides the ethical principles that have been discussed above, there are other vital ethical considerations that must be carefully examined when planning to carry out a business research (Dunfee Nagayasu, 1993). One of these concerns relates to the gathering, storing, and using electronic data. Questions often arise regarding the extent to which data previously collected for a research may be used in a current research with similar characteristics. However, considering that data privacy is well guarded by law, research professional have no choice but to comply with the requirements of the law. Legal advice may, therefore, be sought in order to determine how confidential data previously gathered from research participants may be used and to what degree. Another area of concern touches on being open and honest when presenting research outcomes to interested individuals or even organizations. To some extent, this is also closely linked to the ethical issues of informed consent as well as deception discussed earlier. It is important for the researchers to ensure that there is mutual benefit from research for the researcher and the participants (Dunfee Nagayasu, 1993). In a way this leads to reciprocity where the research ends up benefiting the researcher as well as his or her participants. Clearly, this is in line with the principle of giving back to the society which is a very important consideration especially because research work is here to stay if participants are not well taken care of, involving them in future research projects may prove to be very challenging (Bryman et a l., 2007). Others issues are related to affiliation and conflict of interest. Obviously, where a research has been sponsored by a funding organization, it is highly likely that the organization will influence the research results given that it has a vested interest in the research outcome. Clearly, the integrity of such a research is highly questionable and doubts associated with it may render the research outcomes unreliable. However, this problem may be lessened or fully addressed by involving an independent party in the verification of the research findings. The independent verifier may even be involved right from the planning stage of the research. Conclusion As discussed in this paper, there is so much that goes into planning for a business research activity. Clearly, a good understanding of ethical principles is necessary to ensure that research is done in a way that does not disrespect the wishes of all parties involved. It is, however, quite difficulty to distinguish between ethical and unethical research practices. Despite this difficulty, an honest research professional and one who is determined to do what is right can easily tell the difference between these two. Where rules have to be bent slightly, it is imperative to do so with so much caution so as not to harm anyone involved in the research. As explained earlier, there are instances this may apply such when a researcher has to carry out his or her research covertly. Although it may be challenging to guarantee honesty on the part of the respondents, researchers must everything possible to make sure that this happens. Apparently, enough literature exists to offer guidance to the researcher in this regard. With the advancement in technology and the increased use of the increased use of the Internet, numerous approaches may be used to gather data for research purposes. Unfortunately this presents a serious ethical concern. Most data is available through online databases and can be accessed by any o ne with or without permission. Luckily, such challenges resulting from the increased use of technology are negligible considering that computer experts who can effectively deal with issues of security and data privacy are today available almost everywhere. References Bryman, A., Bell, E., Bryman, A. (2007). Business Research Methods. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Carrigan, M. (2005). Ethics and International Marketing: Research Background and Challenges. Bingley, BD: Emerald Group Publishing. Dunfee, T.W., Nagayasu, Y. (1993). Business Ethics: Japan and the Global Economy. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. (2009). Business Ethics 2009: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Herbst, F., Coldwell, D. (2004). Business Research. Cape Town, South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd. Maxwell, J.C. (2007). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership; Follow them and People will Follow You. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 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